(It transpired that the asker had been looking at some sites that had suffered a server crash and all data was lost. Most of the sites had messages on saying that they would be fully operational soon (some of them months after the problem)).
Well this is kind of easy to answer, but difficult as well. Actual timescale depends on how big the site is at the time and the actual upload speed achieved.
Best answer I can give is: As soon as the host has the server is repaired/replaced and available for upload I'll upload the site.
It would take a little time (my upload max speed is 256Kb at the moment) to upload all the site, plus a little extra time to set up the SQL database that stores the search info and index the site for the site search.
Let's say 5-6 hours from starting the upload to job done.
Unlike some webmasters I keep at least the last 4 weeks of the whole site backed up on the external HDD that I have and/or on Iomega ZIP-100 disks. These back-ups are in addition to the "working copy" on my C: drive, so even if the server crashed and my PC went down "in sympathy" I would have, at least, most of the site back on-line quite soon.