Repeaters Explained.

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Repeater Frequencies	CTCSS	Further Information

VHF and UHF radio signals from vehicle-mounted or handheld transceivers, have short range which is affected by obstacles, such as high ground, buildings etc. Their range can be greatly improved by the use of a repeater, which can also helb home based amateurs keep in contact with their friends further afield.

A repeater is a radio station located on a hill, or with its antenna on a tall mast, which receives transmissions from a wide area and retransmits them on another frequency. Everyone who can hear the repeater can communicate with everyone else who can hear it, thus greatly increasing their range.

For example, let's consider 6 friends that live in 6 different towns that circle a large hill. If you refer to the diagram, you can see that 'b' can hear his friends 'a' and 'c' but he has difficulty hearing 'f' and 'd' and he can't hear 'e' at all. 'c' can't hear 'f' but can hear 'e', similarly 'a' can't hear 'd', but can hear 'f' and so it goes around (blue arrows).

These friends decide to club together with a few other people who live in the same towns and rent a site on top of the hill. They mount an antenna and install a repeater station. Now each town can hear all the others with ease because they are 'talking' and 'listening' to the top of the hill. This system aids all amateur radio operators within range of the repeater station.

Amateur repeaters can be found mainly on the 2m and 70cm bands, but there are also several on the 1.3GHz and 6m bands. They use Frequency Modulation (FM). The range of amateur television transmissions can also be improved by repeaters and there are television repeaters on 1.3GHZ and 10GHZ. Repeaters are built, maintained and financed by local groups of amateurs and if you use a repeater frequently, you should find out how to make a donation towards it upkeep.

It is extremely difficult to retransmit a signal on the same frequency used to receive it. Repeaters, therefore, use separate transmit and receive frequencies. These are:

500 kHz apart on 6m.

600 kHz apart on 2m.

1.6 MHz and 7.6 MHz (wide) apart on 70cm.

7 MHz apart on 23cm.

Even with this frequency spacing, it is easy for the repeater's transmitter to interfere with its receiver, even when separate antennas are used. To reduce this effect, very 'sharp' filters are placed between the radio equipment and the antenna; in the transmitter lead to filter out any noise which may be on the receive frequency, and in the receiver lead to filter out the transmitter signal which would otherwise overload it.

In addition to the radio and the filters, amateur repeaters have control equipment, known as 'logic', which generates its callsign in Morse, or plain speech, every few minutes (GB3 plus two letters and the letter code for CTCSS tone, if used) and handles the audio connection between the receiver and the transmitter. The logic also produces a 'beep' or Morse 'K' a second or two after each person stops talking. This 'beep' signifies that the onboard timer has reset (you usually get about 3 minutes of talk time before the repeater automatically cuts off and resets itself). You should always wait for this 'beep' before transmitting to allow others to 'break in' and the 'time out' counter to reset.

In order to ensure that the only stations relayed by a repeater are those intending to use it, this used to be by the use of a short 1750Hz tone (tone burst) and must be sent by the user to 'wake the repeater up'. The repeater will then stay on air whilst it is being used but will close down if it 'hears' no-one on its input frequency for several seconds. Nowadays it is more common to use a CTCSS tone - this is a sub-audible tone sent all the time you are transmitting, it doesn't interfere with your speech as it is extremely low in frequency - less than 200Hz. Some repeaters do not have CTCSS capability and still need the tone burst, others use CTCSS only and a few will 'wake up' to either.

Repeaters in different areas are allocated their own tone and the use of CTCSS prevents well located stations accidentally activating two repeaters on the same channel at once.

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Repeater Frequencies:

6 Meter / 50MHz Repeater channel allocations.
CHANNEL REPEATER OUT REPEATER IN
R50-1 50.72 MHz 51.22 MHz
R50-2 50.73 MHz 51.23 MHz
R50-3 50.74 MHz 51.24 MHz
R50-4 50.75 MHz 51.25 MHz
R50-5 50.76 MHz 51.26 MHz
R50-6 50.77 MHz 51.27 MHz
R50-7 50.78 MHz 51.28 MHz
R50-8 50.79 MHz 51.29 MHz
R50-9 50.80 MHz 51.30 MHz
R50-10 50.81 MHz 51.31 MHz
R50-11 50.82 MHz 51.32 MHz
R50-12 50.83 MHz 51.33 MHz
R50-13 50.84 MHz 51.34 MHz
R50-14 50.85 MHz 51.35 MHz
R50-15 50.86 MHz 51.36 MHz
R50-16 50.87 MHz 51.37 MHz

2 Meter / 145MHz Repeater channel allocations.
CHANNEL REPEATER OUT REPEATER IN

RV48 145.6000 MHz 145.0000 MHz
RV49 145.6125 MHz 145.0125 MHz
RV50 145.6250 MHz 145.0250 MHz
RV51 145.6375 MHz 145.0375 MHz
RV52 145.6500 MHz 145.0500 MHz
RV53 145.6625 MHz 145.0625 MHz
RV54 145.6750 MHz 145.0750 MHz
RV55 145.6875 MHz 145.0875 MHz
RV56 145.7000 MHz 145.1000 MHz
RV57 145.7125 MHz 145.1125 MHz
RV58 145.7250 MHz 145.1250 MHz
RV59 145.7375 MHz 145.1375 MHz
RV60 145.7500 MHz 145.1500 MHz
RV61 145.7625 MHz 145.1625 MHz
RV62 145.7750 MHz 145.1750 MHz
RV63 145.7875 MHz 145.1875 MHz
70cm / 433MHz Repeater channel allocations.
CHANNEL REPEATER OUT REPEATER IN
RB0 433.000 MHz 434.600 MHz
RB1 433.025 MHz 434.625 MHz
RB2 433.050 MHz 434.650 MHz
RB3 433.075 MHz 434.675 MHz
RB4 433.100 MHz 434.700 MHz
RB5 433.125 MHz 434.725 MHz
RB6 433.150 MHz 434.750 MHz
RB7 433.175 MHz 434.775 MHz
RB8 433.200 MHz 434.800 MHz
RB9 433.225 MHz 434.825 MHz
RB10 433.250 MHz 434.850 MHz
RB11 433.275 MHz 434.875 MHz
RB12 433.300 MHz 434.900 MHz
RB13 433.325 MHz 434.925 MHz
RB14 433.350 MHz 434.950 MHz
RB15 433.375 MHz 434.975 MHz
70cm / 433MHz 'Wide' Repeater channel allocations.
CHANNEL REPEATER OUT REPEATER IN

RU66 (25kHz spec) 430.8250 MHz 438.4250 MHz
RU67 (25kHz spec) 430.8375 MHz 438.4375 MHz
RU68 (25kHz spec) 430.8500 MHz 438.4500 MHz
RU69 (25kHz spec) 430.8625 MHz 438.4625 MHz
RU70 not available not available
RU71 (25kHz spec) 430.8875 MHz 438.4875 MHz
RU72 (25kHz spec) 430.9000 MHz 438.5000 MHz
RU73 (25kHz spec) 430.9125 MHz 438.5125 MHz
RU74 (25kHz spec) 430.9250 MHz 438.5250 MHz
RU75 (25kHz spec) 430.9375 MHz 438.5375 MHz
RU76 (25kHz spec) 430.9500 MHz 438.5500 MHz
RU77 (25kHz spec) 430.9625 MHz 438.5625 MHz
RU78 (25kHz spec) 430.9750 MHz 438.5750 MHz
Note: 25kHz spec refers to the specification of the 25kHz channel spacing, i.e. the deviation of the FM signal should not exceed 5kHz.
23cm / 1297MHz Repeater channel allocations.
CHANNEL REPEATER OUT REPEATER IN
RM0 1297.000 MHz 1291.000 MHz
RM1 1297.025 MHz 1291.025 MHz
RM2 1297.050 MHz 1291.050 MHz
RM3 1297.075 MHz 1291.075 MHz
RM4 1297.100 MHz 1291.100 MHz
RM5 1297.125 MHz 1291.125 MHz
RM6 1297.150 MHz 1291.150 MHz
RM7 1297.175 MHz 1291.175 MHz
RM8 1297.200 MHz 1291.200 MHz
RM9 1297.225 MHz 1291.225 MHz
RM10 1297.250 MHz 1291.250 MHz
RM11 1297.275 MHz 1291.275 MHz
RM12 1297.300 MHz 1291.300 MHz
RM13 1297.325 MHz 1291.325 MHz
RM14 1297.350 MHz 1291.350 MHz
RM15 1297.375 MHz 1291.375 MHz

6 Meter / 50MHz Repeater channel allocations.
CHANNEL	REPEATER OUT	REPEATER IN
R50-1	50.72 MHz	51.22 MHz
R50-2	50.73 MHz	51.23 MHz
R50-3	50.74 MHz	51.24 MHz
R50-4	50.75 MHz	51.25 MHz
R50-5	50.76 MHz	51.26 MHz
R50-6	50.77 MHz	51.27 MHz
R50-7	50.78 MHz	51.28 MHz
R50-8	50.79 MHz	51.29 MHz
R50-9	50.80 MHz	51.30 MHz
R50-10	50.81 MHz	51.31 MHz
R50-11	50.82 MHz	51.32 MHz
R50-12	50.83 MHz	51.33 MHz
R50-13	50.84 MHz	51.34 MHz
R50-14	50.85 MHz	51.35 MHz
R50-15	50.86 MHz	51.36 MHz
R50-16	50.87 MHz	51.37 MHz
2 Meter / 145MHz Repeater channel allocations.
CHANNEL	REPEATER OUT	REPEATER IN
RV48	145.6000 MHz	145.0000 MHz
RV49	145.6125 MHz	145.0125 MHz
RV50	145.6250 MHz	145.0250 MHz
RV51	145.6375 MHz	145.0375 MHz
RV52	145.6500 MHz	145.0500 MHz
RV53	145.6625 MHz	145.0625 MHz
RV54	145.6750 MHz	145.0750 MHz
RV55	145.6875 MHz	145.0875 MHz
RV56	145.7000 MHz	145.1000 MHz
RV57	145.7125 MHz	145.1125 MHz
RV58	145.7250 MHz	145.1250 MHz
RV59	145.7375 MHz	145.1375 MHz
RV60	145.7500 MHz	145.1500 MHz
RV61	145.7625 MHz	145.1625 MHz
RV62	145.7750 MHz	145.1750 MHz
RV63	145.7875 MHz	145.1875 MHz
70cm / 433MHz Repeater channel allocations.
CHANNEL	REPEATER OUT	REPEATER IN
RB0	433.000 MHz	434.600 MHz
RB1	433.025 MHz	434.625 MHz
RB2	433.050 MHz	434.650 MHz
RB3	433.075 MHz	434.675 MHz
RB4	433.100 MHz	434.700 MHz
RB5	433.125 MHz	434.725 MHz
RB6	433.150 MHz	434.750 MHz
RB7	433.175 MHz	434.775 MHz
RB8	433.200 MHz	434.800 MHz
RB9	433.225 MHz	434.825 MHz
RB10	433.250 MHz	434.850 MHz
RB11	433.275 MHz	434.875 MHz
RB12	433.300 MHz	434.900 MHz
RB13	433.325 MHz	434.925 MHz
RB14	433.350 MHz	434.950 MHz
RB15	433.375 MHz	434.975 MHz
70cm / 433MHz 'Wide' Repeater channel allocations.
CHANNEL	REPEATER OUT	REPEATER IN
RU66 (25kHz spec)	430.8250 MHz	438.4250 MHz
RU67 (25kHz spec)	430.8375 MHz	438.4375 MHz
RU68 (25kHz spec)	430.8500 MHz	438.4500 MHz
RU69 (25kHz spec)	430.8625 MHz	438.4625 MHz
RU70	not available	not available
RU71 (25kHz spec)	430.8875 MHz	438.4875 MHz
RU72 (25kHz spec)	430.9000 MHz	438.5000 MHz
RU73 (25kHz spec)	430.9125 MHz	438.5125 MHz
RU74 (25kHz spec)	430.9250 MHz	438.5250 MHz
RU75 (25kHz spec)	430.9375 MHz	438.5375 MHz
RU76 (25kHz spec)	430.9500 MHz	438.5500 MHz
RU77 (25kHz spec)	430.9625 MHz	438.5625 MHz
RU78 (25kHz spec)	430.9750 MHz	438.5750 MHz
Note: 25kHz spec refers to the specification of the 25kHz channel spacing, i.e. the deviation of the FM signal should not exceed 5kHz.
23cm / 1297MHz Repeater channel allocations.
CHANNEL	REPEATER OUT	REPEATER IN
RM0	1297.000 MHz	1291.000 MHz
RM1	1297.025 MHz	1291.025 MHz
RM2	1297.050 MHz	1291.050 MHz
RM3	1297.075 MHz	1291.075 MHz
RM4	1297.100 MHz	1291.100 MHz
RM5	1297.125 MHz	1291.125 MHz
RM6	1297.150 MHz	1291.150 MHz
RM7	1297.175 MHz	1291.175 MHz
RM8	1297.200 MHz	1291.200 MHz
RM9	1297.225 MHz	1291.225 MHz
RM10	1297.250 MHz	1291.250 MHz
RM11	1297.275 MHz	1291.275 MHz
RM12	1297.300 MHz	1291.300 MHz
RM13	1297.325 MHz	1291.325 MHz
RM14	1297.350 MHz	1291.350 MHz
RM15	1297.375 MHz	1291.375 MHz

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CTCSS Information:

From 2004 all new repeater applications (including changes), were required to have access via CTCSS. The 1750Hz tone burst access, to the previous standard, is still permitted in addition to CTCSS.

Once the repeater has been accessed, subsequent control of talk-through should normally be by carrier alone, unless CTCSS-only access has been requested by the Keeper, in which case the CTCSS tone is required to keep the repeater open.

CTCSS tone letter codes.
Tone A = 67.0Hz Tone B = 71.9Hz Tone C = 77.0Hz

Tone D = 82.5Hz Tone E = 88.5Hz Tone F = 94.8Hz

Tone G = 103.5Hz Tone H = 110.9Hz Tone J = 118.8Hz

(S) special case 100.0Hz GB3FM

CTCSS by County allocation.

County Tone Frequency

A Aberdeenshire A 67.0 Hz

Angus F 94.8 Hz

Anglesey H 110.9 Hz

Antrim H 110.9 Hz

Argyll and Bute G 103.5 Hz

Avon J 118.8 Hz

Ayrshire G 103.5 Hz

B Bedfordshire C 77.0 Hz

Berkshire J 118.8 Hz

Border Counties J 118.8 Hz

Buckinghamshire C 77.0 Hz

C Cambridgeshire F 94.8 Hz

Caithness C 77.0 Hz

Channel Islands B 71.9 Hz

Cheshire G 103.5 Hz

Cleveland J 118.8 Hz

Clwyd H 110.9 Hz

Cornwall C 77.0 Hz

Cumbria C 77.0 Hz

D Derbyshire B 71.9 Hz

Devon C 77.0 Hz

Dorset B 71.9 Hz

Down H 110.9 Hz

Dumfries and Galloway G 103.5 Hz

Durham J 118.8 Hz

Dyfed F 94.8 Hz

E Essex H 110.9 Hz

F Fermanagh H 110.9 Hz

Fife F 94.8 Hz

G Glamorgan F 94.8 Hz

Gloucestershire J 118.8 Hz

Greater London D 82.5 Hz

Greater Manchester D 82.5 Hz

Gwent F 94.8 Hz

Gwynedd H 110.9 Hz

H Hampshire B 71.9 Hz

Hereford and Worcester J 118.8 Hz

Hertfordshire D 82.5 Hz

Highland (West Coast and Islands) E 88.5 Hz

Highland (East Coast) A 67.0 Hz

Humberside E 88.5 Hz

I Isle of Man H 110.9 Hz

Isle of Wight B 71.9 Hz

K Kent G 103.5 Hz

L Lanarkshire G 103.5 Hz

Lancashire D 82.5 Hz

Leicestershire C 77.0 Hz

Lincolnshire B 71.9 Hz

London D 82.5 Hz

Londonderry H 110.9 Hz

Lothians F 94.8 Hz

M Merseyside D 82.5 Hz

N Norfolk F 94.8 Hz

Northamptonshire C 77.0 Hz

Northern Isles C 77.0 Hz

Northumberland J 118.8 Hz

North Yorkshire J 118.8 Hz

Nottinghamshire B 71.9 Hz

O Orkney C 77.0 Hz

Oxfordshire J 118.8 Hz

P Perthshire F 94.8 Hz

Powys G 103.5 Hz

S Shropshire G 103.5 Hz

Somerset C 77.0 Hz

South Yorkshire B 71.9 Hz

Staffordshire North G 103.5 Hz

Staffordshire South A 67.0 Hz

Suffolk H 110.9 Hz

Surrey D 82.5 Hz

Sussex (East and West) E 88.5 Hz

T Tyne and Wear J 118.8 Hz

Tyrone H 110.9 Hz

W Warwickshire A 67.0 Hz

West Midlands A 67.0 Hz

West Yorkshire D 82.5 Hz

Wiltshire Northern J 118.8 Hz

Wiltshire Southern B 71.9 Hz

Worcestershire J 118.8 Hz

CTCSS tone letter codes.
Tone A = 67.0Hz	Tone B = 71.9Hz	Tone C = 77.0Hz
Tone D = 82.5Hz	Tone E = 88.5Hz	Tone F = 94.8Hz
Tone G = 103.5Hz	Tone H = 110.9Hz	Tone J = 118.8Hz
(S) special case 100.0Hz GB3FM

CTCSS by County allocation.
County	Tone	Frequency
A	Aberdeenshire	A	67.0 Hz
Angus	F	94.8 Hz
Anglesey	H	110.9 Hz
Antrim	H	110.9 Hz
Argyll and Bute	G	103.5 Hz
Avon	J	118.8 Hz
Ayrshire	G	103.5 Hz
B	Bedfordshire	C	77.0 Hz
Berkshire	J	118.8 Hz
Border Counties	J	118.8 Hz
Buckinghamshire	C	77.0 Hz
C	Cambridgeshire	F	94.8 Hz
Caithness	C	77.0 Hz
Channel Islands	B	71.9 Hz
Cheshire	G	103.5 Hz
Cleveland	J	118.8 Hz
Clwyd	H	110.9 Hz
Cornwall	C	77.0 Hz
Cumbria	C	77.0 Hz
D	Derbyshire	B	71.9 Hz
Devon	C	77.0 Hz
Dorset	B	71.9 Hz
Down	H	110.9 Hz
Dumfries and Galloway	G	103.5 Hz
Durham	J	118.8 Hz
Dyfed	F	94.8 Hz
E	Essex	H	110.9 Hz
F	Fermanagh	H	110.9 Hz
Fife	F	94.8 Hz
G	Glamorgan	F	94.8 Hz
Gloucestershire	J	118.8 Hz
Greater London	D	82.5 Hz
Greater Manchester	D	82.5 Hz
Gwent	F	94.8 Hz
Gwynedd	H	110.9 Hz
H	Hampshire	B	71.9 Hz
Hereford and Worcester	J	118.8 Hz
Hertfordshire	D	82.5 Hz
Highland (West Coast and Islands)	E	88.5 Hz
Highland (East Coast)	A	67.0 Hz
Humberside	E	88.5 Hz
I	Isle of Man	H	110.9 Hz
Isle of Wight	B	71.9 Hz
K	Kent	G	103.5 Hz
L	Lanarkshire	G	103.5 Hz
Lancashire	D	82.5 Hz
Leicestershire	C	77.0 Hz
Lincolnshire	B	71.9 Hz
London	D	82.5 Hz
Londonderry	H	110.9 Hz
Lothians	F	94.8 Hz
M	Merseyside	D	82.5 Hz
N	Norfolk	F	94.8 Hz
Northamptonshire	C	77.0 Hz
Northern Isles	C	77.0 Hz
Northumberland	J	118.8 Hz
North Yorkshire	J	118.8 Hz
Nottinghamshire	B	71.9 Hz
O	Orkney	C	77.0 Hz
Oxfordshire	J	118.8 Hz
P	Perthshire	F	94.8 Hz
Powys	G	103.5 Hz
S	Shropshire	G	103.5 Hz
Somerset	C	77.0 Hz
South Yorkshire	B	71.9 Hz
Staffordshire North	G	103.5 Hz
Staffordshire South	A	67.0 Hz
Suffolk	H	110.9 Hz
Surrey	D	82.5 Hz
Sussex (East and West)	E	88.5 Hz
T	Tyne and Wear	J	118.8 Hz
Tyrone	H	110.9 Hz
W	Warwickshire	A	67.0 Hz
West Midlands	A	67.0 Hz
West Yorkshire	D	82.5 Hz
Wiltshire Northern	J	118.8 Hz
Wiltshire Southern	B	71.9 Hz
Worcestershire	J	118.8 Hz

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For further information and the latest allocations see: ukrepeater.net the UK amateur radio repeater resource site.

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